Your path to U.S. citizenship
Pick the kind of case closest to yours and see the usual steps: the forms, the official rules and how long similar cases took. Change the answers and the path changes with them.
Illustrative · not legal advice
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Step 1
Labor certification (PERM)
For many EB-2 and EB-3 cases, the employer first gets a labor certification from the Department of Labor.
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Step 2
The I-140 petition
Filed by the employer, or by you in self-petition categories.
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Step 3
Wait for your priority date in the Visa Bulletin
Your category has a yearly limit, so you move forward when the Department of State's Visa Bulletin reaches your priority date. The wait depends on the category and country.
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Step 4
Apply for the green card in the U.S. (I-485)
When a visa is available to you, you file for adjustment of status: biometrics, possibly an interview, and the decision.
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Step 5
Green card: permanent resident
The "Resident since" date on your card is the date your years toward citizenship count from.
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Step 6
Apply for citizenship (N-400) · 5 years as a resident
After 5 years as a permanent resident; you can file up to 90 days early. You also need enough days physically in the U.S. and good moral character.
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Step 7
Interview, English and civics test
An officer reviews your application and gives the English and civics tests.
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Step 8
Oath ceremony: U.S. citizen
You become a citizen when you take the Oath of Allegiance.
Rules checked against USCIS's official pages on 2026-10-03.
Questions about your path?
Ask me with your details and I'll answer with USCIS's official rules and the cases I follow.